What is ESG Data? Uses, Types & Dataset Examples

What Does ESG Stand For?

Let’s break ESG down into the ‘E’, ‘S’, and the ‘G’.

1. Environmental

Environmental data on a company measures the impact of its operations on the climate and ecosystem. It can include attributes like:

• Greenhouse gas emissions
• Biodiversity
• Pollution
• Resource depletion

2. Social

Social criteria measure a company’s practices in relation to its labor force, as well as the wider community. Social attributes include:

• Working conditions and health & safety
• Gender diversity
• Racial diversity
• Community outreach
• Responses to conflict and humanitarian crises
• Material/product risks

3. Governance

Governance attributes all relate to how the company is run, what its C-suite looks like, and how it complies with the relevant regulations:

• Fair tax strategy
• Executive pay
• Bribery and corruption
• Employee pay and reward distribution
• Board diversity

These attributes all come to bear on a company’s overall ESG score. ESG ratings fluctuate based on whether the company is hitting its internal and external sustainability targets.

As the demand for granular ESG data grows, external ESG data providers are offering specialized analytics into either the ‘E’, ‘S’, or the ‘G’. A survey by ESG Clarity found that over half of ESG data providers (53%) offer general data, covering the E, S and G sides, while 33% of providers specialize in just one aspect only. These providers offer niche insights into areas like company connections to the defense industry. In the wake of global conflict, these kinds of data points are crucial for shareholders - individuals, banks, hedge funds, and governments - as they develop sustainable and ethical investment strategies.

The ‘E’ and ‘G’ of ESG criteria will continue to be important. However, in 2024, there’s expected to be a bigger focus on the ‘S’ than we’ve seen before. The pandemic demanded employers be more flexible with their working hours, in-office and work from home provisions, and employee engagement. As employee satisfaction, equality, and inclusion become more influential when it comes to the company’s share price, it’s important that all stakeholders get transparent data about an organization’s social practices.

So those are just a handful of the data attributes comprising an external ESG database. The nature, range and granularity of the data points you need will affect the price of the data.

ESG Data Use Cases in Detail

1. Risk Management and Compliance

ESG data is widely used by companies and investors for risk management and compliance purposes. By analyzing environmental, social, and governance factors, organizations can identify potential risks and ensure compliance with regulations. This includes assessing the impact of climate change, evaluating labor practices, and monitoring corporate governance practices.

2. Investment Decision Making

ESG data is increasingly being used by investors to make informed investment decisions. By considering environmental, social, and governance factors, investors can evaluate the long-term sustainability and performance of companies. This data helps investors identify companies that align with their values and have strong ESG practices, potentially leading to better investment outcomes.

3. Corporate Reputation and Branding

ESG data plays a crucial role in shaping corporate reputation and branding. Companies that prioritize sustainability and social responsibility can leverage ESG data to showcase their positive impact on the environment and society. This can enhance their brand image, attract socially conscious consumers, and differentiate themselves from competitors.

4. Stakeholder Engagement and Reporting

ESG data enables companies to engage with stakeholders effectively and transparently. By measuring and reporting their ESG performance, organizations can communicate their sustainability efforts to customers, employees, investors, and regulators. This fosters trust, strengthens relationships, and demonstrates a commitment to responsible business practices.

5. Supply Chain Management

ESG data is valuable for managing and improving supply chain sustainability. Companies can assess the environmental and social impact of their suppliers, identify potential risks, and work towards more sustainable sourcing practices. This helps ensure ethical supply chain management, reduce reputational risks, and meet the growing demand for sustainable products and services.

6. Product Development and Innovation

ESG data can drive product development and innovation by providing insights into emerging sustainability trends and consumer preferences. Companies can use this data to identify opportunities for developing environmentally friendly products, improving energy efficiency, and reducing waste. By aligning their products with ESG principles, organizations can stay ahead of market demands and drive business growth.

7. Regulatory Compliance and Reporting

ESG data is crucial for regulatory compliance and reporting requirements. Governments and regulatory bodies are increasingly mandating the disclosure of ESG information to ensure transparency and accountability. Companies need to collect, analyze, and report accurate ESG data to meet these obligations and avoid legal and reputational risks.

What are the Attributes of ESG Data?

For a general understanding of data attributes, ESG datasets can be broken down into three categories:

1. Environmental Attributes

The environmental attributes of ESG databases are points that measure a company’s impact on the environment. This includes its waste disposal, sustainability of resources, and energy sources. Environmental attributes measure how the practices of a particular company impact the environment, while also raising questions about how a company intends to preserve the natural world. Since the Paris Agreement of 2020 set out the plan to reduce the 1990 greenhouse gas emission levels by at least 55% by 2030 across the EU, there has been an increased emphasis on the sustainability of individual companies and how they intend to contribute to cutting these greenhouse emissions - in other words, an increased emphasis on ESG. Environmental attributes consider the sustainability of a company’s resources and energy sources, while also considering how a company contributes to pollution and waste. These considerations can be be carried out by asking the following example questions:

Does a company use sustainable resources and energy sources?
The amount of greenhouse gases e.g. carbon dioxide and methane that a company produces can be tracked and recorded. The worse the greenhouse pollution, the lower the ESG score. However, if companies move away from the use of fossil fuels, adopt a more eco-friendly approach and increase the percentage of power generated through the use of renewable energy, a company’s ESG score can improve.

Does a company produce greenhouse gases?
The amount of greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide and methane, that a company produces can be tracked and recorded. The more greenhouse pollution created by a company, the lower its ESG score.

Carbon Reserves
Companies that are heavily invested in exploiting carbon-based resources like coal, oil, and gas tend to be penalized in ESG scoring, as it is difficult to sustainably acquire and process these resources.

How much water does a company use and how is it sourced?
The amount of water used and polluted by a company can also affect its ESG score. One example of this is the Nestlé boycott that began in 1977 and lasted into the next decade, which came about as a result of Nestlé encouraging mothers in African villages to use their baby formula instead of breastfeeding, a formula which, when mixed with the impure water sources in those villages, caused disease and death amongst multiple infants.

Renewable Energy Usage
Positive steps taken by companies to become more eco-friendly, like purchasing a percentage of their power from renewable energy sources, can have a positive impact on the company’s ESG score.

2. Social Attributes

The social side of ESG data gives insights into data surrounding human capital, labor standards, privacy, data security, and stakeholder opposition of a company. The social attributes of ESG data considers the business relationships of a company, providing an insight into data concerning company employees, customers and the wider communities in which a company is based.

• Company Diversity
  The diversity within a company also impacts its ESG data score. Recent studies have suggested that there is a strong connection between the level of diversity and financial prosperity within a company. Wider diversity within a company can help drive innovation and is consequently considered a primary indicator of a company’s overall health and ESG data score. Having a non-discriminatory and racially diverse organization is often a goal of a company. As companies become more global, ensuring work opportunities are available for a diverse range of individuals is becoming increasingly important. Equally, it is no secret that more companies are seeking to achieve a gender balance across their organizations. The ratio of male to female, and the inclusion of non-binary employees, has been an important factor in many office’s decision-making processes and companies often strive for equitable hiring practices to manage this. However, across a number of sectors, there is a staggering lack of diversity across its employees. This is especially the case when considering those in high level positions. A study found that globally, in 2020 only 9% of CEOs were female. There’s still a lot of work to do, and improvements to be made - which is why it’s so important that more and more companies understand the importance of ESG and how to integrate it into their business model.

• Human Rights
  As well as company diversity, the social attributes of a company’s ESG dataset is determined by an organization’s consideration for human rights. One way a company’s social attributes can be assessed is through the consideration of an organization’s Employee Turnover Rate - in other words, how long employees stay with a company and their overall satisfaction rate, which can give an indication of how the company treats its employees. Beyond this internal scope, a company’s attitude towards human rights can also be measured by how it treats and impacts the wider communities in which it is based.

3. Governance Attributes

The governance attributes within ESG data consider a company’s actions surrounding the distribution of the decision-making processes, taking into account corruption, business ethics, a company’s board and management structure, and its employee relationships, including employee payments and compensation strategies. Here’s a breakdown:

• Structure of Management
  The Structure of Management considers the balance of power between a company’s COs and Board of Directors, and the internal set of protocols that exist for both those individuals and all employees.

• Improving Employee Relationships
  In establishing a fair recruiting process that incorporates diversity, establishing values and policies that create a safe workplace is crucial. The Fortune 100 best companies to work for has become a coveted list for employers, as it drives the hiring of valuable talent which in turn impacts the growth of the company. This also considers the ability of workers to have representation or a union.

• Compensation of Top Executives
  The remuneration and bonus packages of board members and top management employees have recently become a point of scrutiny by shareholders and equity investors.

• Fair Compensation of Employees
  Employers are also liable to pay the employees a considerable amount pertaining to their designation. All major companies practice minimum wage standards. Actively working to close the wage disparity between genders is another important benchmark.

Pay equity audits are available for auditing and they are in many cases made available to the public forums, which open up the ethics of the company to be questioned by investors.

Common Attributes of ESG Data

ESG data refers to environmental, social, and governance information that is collected and analyzed to assess the sustainability and ethical impact of companies and investments. The attributes of ESG datasets can vary depending on the specific esg database or esg dataset being used, but some common attributes include carbon emissions, energy consumption, waste management, water usage, labor practices, employee diversity, executive compensation, board diversity, shareholder rights, and ethical business practices. These attributes provide insights into a company’s environmental impact, social responsibility, and corporate governance practices. Here’s a table of the main attributes you might find on ESG datasets:

How is ESG Data Sourced and Gathered? Tools and Technologies

1. Environmental Detection

To collect data relating to the ‘E’, providers often rely on hardware which tracks changes in the physical environment. For example, satellites which detect changes on the earth’s land and marine surface, or instruments monitoring atmospheric conditions. These can provide insights into geospatial risks made worse by climate change. Investors are increasingly having to factor adverse climate into their risk assessments, as storms contributed to a loss of $1 billion in business in the US alone in 2021.

2. Web Crawlers

To compile datasets on reputational risk, data providers crawl news and social media sites to detect public sentiment. This way, providers can detect negative discussion about a company in relation to their sustainability or ethics, and calculate risk assessment metrics based on real-time sentiment.

Likewise, web crawlers are able to build the best picture of a company’s status quo ESG performance. They can collect unstructured data points from public sources, such as corporate diversity and wage reports, which the provider then structures into a digestible, ready-to-use format.

3. Official Reports

As we’ve seen, providers use crawlers and machine learning models to extract raw data from publicly available sources, like corporate and governmental reports. These reports offer analytics into a company’s sustainable development goals (SDGs), carbon emissions, employee wages, and historical ESG scores. The benefit of using an external ESG data provider for this information is that they can tap into these sources at scale, so that clients can skip the research time and access thousands of company records on-demand.

Investing in ESG data is a risk prevention move. In keeping with this, it’s cruicial to make sure that you mitigate risks when actually buying the data. The best way to do this is to check its relibilably by getting a sample, and doing your data due diligence. We’ll show you how in Chapter Six.

How is ESG Data Collected and Rated? Processes, Methodologies, and Criteria

Every ESG data provider has its own process of researching, collecting, handling, and rating methods. This is why the rating for one company can vary from one ESG provider to another.

Whether it’s by scraping company websites or social media, data providers transform and aggregate this data collected from numerous sources into clean digestible records of information, therefore they are becoming a new power player in the world of finance.

Data providers use these regulations to create their own guidelines and criteria which they then measure the company against to calculate its ESG score.

Trusting the ESG scoring provided by vendors, investors are complying with their rating systems.

These are the 3 main factors affecting the ratings:

1. Estimation and Data Acquisition

There is a huge difference between the ways ESG data providers collect data about companies. Every firm has data that is publicly disclosed and can be collected using traditional techniques of sourcing information.

Then, there is the unreported data, which is where the statistical model analysis of ESG providers come into play.

The models are created by data collected from similar companies and observing market trends which are considered benchmarks of the industry. These are judgment calls that data providers make when working through data acquisition for rating.

2. Materiality

There are various factors that are material to the financial performance of a company. This section deals with that part of ESG scoring. The importance of materiality is undeniable and has been established through academic studies.

As the ESG data providers have their own proprietary rating system, they make up their own determinations that support the issues related to materiality. This is where the lack of transparency comes to play, as ESG companies rarely reveal how they arrived at these determinations.

This creates a barrier in the selection process of an ESG data provider for the managers of a company.

3. Weighting and Aggregate

Weighting and aggregate are also incorporated into ESG rating by proprietary algorithms. They factor in the score summary but there is no set determination of these processes.

Understanding ESG: Assessing Sustainability and Ethical Performance

ESG criteria are the environmental criteria, social criteria, and governance criteria used to assess overall company performance. The ESG criteria look beyond the financial success of a company and instead assess how sustainably and ethically a business is being run. Analysis of the non-financial operations of a company can determine whether an organization will be successful in the long-term.

How is the Environmental criteria within ESG measured?

Within ESG, the environmental criteria are measured against how well a company upholds regulations that protect the environment. Environmental criteria consider whether a particular company poses any potential threat to the environment and whether the company in question is equipped in a way that allows it to deal with any potential environmental risks.

How is the Social criteria within ESG measured?

Within ESG, the social criteria are based on how a company treats its employees, customers, vendors, and the attention it pays to the local and wider communities it is based in.

How is the Governance criteria within ESG measured?

Within ESG, governance criteria are measured according to the distribution of decision-making processes across company stakeholders. The governance criteria relate to company accounting methods, tax audits, its shareholder rights, the salaries of its top-level executives, as well as the controls it places on these internal policies. Government regulations set the foundation for these criteria, but it is ESG providers who evaluate a company’s adherence to the regulations set by a particular government.

How is ESG measured and why is this so important?

ESG data providers measure a company against their checklist to calculate an overall ESG rating for the company. The ESG score of a company and its adherence to environmental, social, and governmental criteria is important as it assesses the potential growth of a company and the company’s ability to do business in the long-run. The ESG score can inform investors, allowing them to decide whether they wish to put money into a particular company.

What is Responsible Investing (RI)?

Responsible investment occurs within an ethical and environmentally sustainable framework. There are different forms of responsible investment, and some of these include:

• Ethical Investment
  ESG data can determine whether a company is engaging in practices which the investor deems unethical. These unethical practices could include business transactions involving tobacco, alcohol, pornography, trade with a particular company, or even involvement with certain weapons. Controversial weapon research data can help create datasets providing further insight into a companies involvement with weapons. Knowing a company’s ethical practices can help investors make decisions on whether or not they wish to support a particular company.

• Socially Responsible Investment (SRI)
  Socially responsible investment involves investments in companies that have previously supported communities around them and seek to invest in community services and boost the overall community socioeconomic standpoint.

• Sustainable Investment
  Sustainable investment supports companies that protect human rights and seek to achieve their goals through environmentally viable means, as opposed to companies that, say, rely heavily on fossil fuels. By investing in ESG data, applying responsible investment strategies, and using effective data analysis, the risk of trusting companies engaging in unsustainable practices which will limit future financial growth is minimized.

Why ESG Data Matters in 2025

• Global ESG data market predicted to reach $5bn by 2025
• Annual spend on ESG data is up 20%
• Demand for ESG data growing: “The majority of investors believe that companies with ESG-aligned practices can be better long term investments, but continue to need better reporting and data to evaluate holdings on those criteria,” - says Ted Eliopoulos, Vice Chairman at Morgan Stanley Investment Management.

In the aftermath of COP26 and as the climate crisis develops, more emphasis is being placed on companies’ ESG (environmental, social and governance) performance than ever before. At the end of 2021, the International Sustainability Standards Board was formed to make ESG reporting more transparent. Similarly, there’s increased pressure for companies to divest and for corporate boards to develop stronger social responsibility strategies. Environmental and geopolitical matters are now business issues. We’ve seen that financial markets worldwide are affected when revelations about a company’s poor ESG scores come to light. For this reason, an unsustainable investment is an unwise one.

ESG data enables investors, banks and fund managers to identify pre-tradel ESG risks. This way, they can make ethical, valuable and sustainable investment decisions. More widely, external ESG data is creating transparency in financial markets as more investors are making ethical trading their number one priority. Let’s have a look at some examples where ESG data is decisive in creating successful financial and business strategies:

• Sustainable investing - The primary use case for ESG data is sustainable investing. Under this bracket, there’s also ‘thematic investing’ and ‘impact investing’, where certain ESG metrics become deal-breakers for investment decisions. According to Morgan Stanley, 72% of thematic and impact put climate change at the top of their priority list, with 57% saying water solutions drives their decisions, and 44% saying gender diversity. Using ESG data from an external provider ensures investors have the clearest picture on investment prospects so they can make successful - and sustainable - strategies.

• Risk assessment - ESG data manages a range of financial risks for companies, from climate risk to reputational risk and consumer backlash. Stock prices for Nestlé plummeted when revelations about their palm oil misuse came to light. The value of ESG data is its thorough insight into companies’ practices, so that financiers can predict and manage risk ahead of trade.

• Compliance - For investors as well as businesses themselves, compliance with global and local ESG regulations is crucial. For example, the newly-instated EU Green Bond Standard aims to tackle greenwashing by putting companies through strict environmental regulatory procedures. ESG data enables businesses to streamline their own regulatory practices so that their portfolios are in line with regulations, most importantly the Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR). This kind of intelligence also allows investors to flag up prospect portfolios which aren’t complying.

Who is Using ESG Data?

Investors and hedgefunds use ESG data as a non-financial form of data to inform their decisions surrounding which companies to invest in. More investors are looking to ensure they are engaging in Responsible Investment (RI). ESG datasets highlight which companies are safe to invest in, while also revealing which companies are carrying out high-risk business operations and transactions.

Investors can use ESG data to assess the sustainability and ethical standards of a company, and even compare that company’s performance to that of its peers, helping them make more informed investment decisions.

Corporates themselves can also make use of company ESG data scores to influence their own business operations, and studies suggest this can also directly benefit leadership teams, providing direction and ultimately increasing performance and revenue.

The key takeaway from all this, then, is that anyone interested in staying up to date in the business world should know about and be using ESG data to inform their decisions.

Why Are ESG Scores Important for Companies?

Understanding a Company via ESG

ESG scores can help investors recognize how environmentally viable, humanitarian and ethical a company is.
The environmental impact of a company includes a lot of factors. The energy usage, conservation or destruction of natural resources, humane treatment of animals, amount of waste generation and contribution to pollution all guide the environmental criteria.

It can also include the chances of the company facing any environmental risks, and in such an event, how the company would manage such a risk. Such scenarios may include the disposal of toxic waste, compliance levels according to government regulations, if the company owns any contaminated land or if there are hazardous emissions from the factories.

The social impact of a company includes the professional relationships between the company and its stakeholders. Does the company treat the vendors in accordance with their company values? Do they partake in any corporate social responsibilities by supporting the communities in which they are based through donations to charitable organizations or through volunteer work? Does the company value the morale, safety, and health of the employees? Does the company work in the interest of the stakeholders?

With respect to the governance of the company, investors want to understand if the company operates in ethical ways, if they use correct accounting policies, and if the stockholders are privy to important decisions related to the company.

They also want the board members to be free from any situations that can create a conflict of interest. An example of this could be the company employing illegal practices and using bribes or other political contributions to do unlawful favors for third party entities. As part of determining the sustainable and ethical governance attributes of a company, ESG datasets can also allow investors to assess the governance operations of a company. ESG datasets, say, detailing a company’s involvement with controversial weapons can provide information about direct or indirect company connection to illegal or controversial biological, chemical, incendiary, white phosphorus and nuclear weapons through a traffic light category system.

It is unlikely that a company will pass every criterion in these three categories. Here, ESG ratings allow investors to decide what is important for them. Every investment firm sets priorities when they decide to follow the ESG criteria.

The ESG score of a company is often integral to its ability to continue operating and attractiveness to investors.

How can a good ESG score positively impact a company?

A high ESG score means companies are in a good position to anticipate the potential risks within business operations, with access to ESG datasets allowing companies to recognize the operational changes which could be made in order to support the long-term sustainability of a company.

How can a poor ESG rating negatively impact a company?

A poor ESG company rating can spell disaster for even the most financially successful of organizations. The impact of a poor score often damages a company’s brand, reputation and stock price.

• Negative Brand Impact
  A poor ESG rating can act in opposition to a company’s brand. A poor ESG rating can contradict a company’s marketing efforts, deter potential customers and investors while also causing them to lose existing clients. To counteract this, many companies are now publicly displaying their virtues in an effort to bolster their ESG score. For example, the investment bank Goldman Sachs recently stated that they will not take any company public unless it has at least one diverse board member. Efforts like this show how companies can be encouraged to improve their ESG score to create a positive, consumer-friendly brand.

• Reputation Damage
  Similar to how a poor ESG rating can impact branding and deter potential investors from putting money into an organization, the global reputation of a company is also often impacted by its ESG score. Thanks to social media and the internet, the world is more connected than ever before. News, especially when it’s negative, spreads fast. For example, in 2015, ESG data companies raised several concerns regarding the car manufacturer Volkswagen’s ESG ratings. ESG data alleged issues with its governance structure and several months later, the Dieselgate scandal proved these allegations right and consequently left a permanent scar on Volkswagen’s public reputation.

• Stock Price Decrease
  A negative brand image and a poor company reputation have tended to be signals for a decrease in the stock price of a company. However, more investors are now considering the straight ESG score of a company when deciding how to invest. In line with current progressive culture, younger investors are more heavily influenced by a company’s ESG score, and these investors are much more likely to hold a company responsible for ESG violations. It is already possible for these younger investors to have an impact on companies alleged to have violated ESG standards. If current trends continue, these investors will gain even more influence and the ESG score of a company may become even more of a deciding factor for the value of a company’s stock.

Case Study: Facebook

Facebook’s a great example of what can happen because of a poor ESG score. In mid 2019, the social media giant was repeatedly accused of collecting and sharing user information without having acquired proper consent. As a result, Facebook was removed from a list of socially responsible companies from S&P’s index. This affected not only the company’s reputation, but also its stock price, and it may be a factor as to why the site is no longer growing like it once did.
As Facebook’s example shows, no company is above ESG criteria. Neglecting the need for improvement in gender equality, working conditions and the prevention in climate change is no longer an option, and failing to consider ESG as a vital part of your company strategy will only leave you with less investors and a damaged reputation both in the short and long term.

How Much Does ESG Data Cost?

By the end of 2020, there was an estimated $1.3 trillion in sustainable fundsworldwide. Sustainable investing is a lucrative market. Companies are devoting more of their budgets into investing in ESG data. In light of this, external ESG datasets can carry huge monetary value because they provide the analytics for successful portfolio selection.

All the same, the cost of ESG datasets depends entirely on the attributes, recency, and range of the data on offer. There’s also variation between pricing models for data products. One-off dataset purchases are typically less expensive to download than a custom ESG data subscription or consultancy service, tailored to the client’s needs.

Also, the ESG data provider landscape is evolving, as more startups are offering ESG data at competitive prices. These startup data providers now occupy a third of the ESG data market. They’re making quality ESG data available to a wider client base at more accessible prices than the big finance names.

How to Find the Best ESG Data Providers?

When determining the top market ESG data, there are a few things to consider. We see most investors stressing comparability and consistency in the data that is available in the market to construct an effective set of data based on which to score companies.

(Click image to enlarge)

The backbone of ESG analysis is quality data, and there is no better place to get this valuable information than from top market providers.

However, a combination of a lack of standardization and a large amount of red tape and protocols makes finding the top providers difficult.

The providers’ job isn’t any easier. To begin with, ESG sustainability reporting is not yet mandatory in all countries. Therefore, most companies are free to decide which ESG factors are considered where it impacts the performance of the business. As a result, they can disclose selective data to the public, making the data biased.

This lack of consistent and reliable information is a challenge that governments, investors, companies, and the judging public have to face.
ESG data providers are crucial in bridging the gap at this stage. They collect and evaluate information related to a company’s ESG practice and then rate these companies on various relevant factors.

The company rating methodology seems to have awakened the interest and faith in ESG investing, as many see the ratings to be an option to conducting their own ESG research - luckily for us, there are literally hundreds of vendors out there. Many of them are ESG exclusive. The exclusive ESG data providers have much more in common when reporting on ESG factors as they tend to operate on a similar rating methodology.

Along with that, there is an issue in relying only on any single provider due to the limitations. This is something you should keep in mind while making investment decisions.

What’s Next for ESG Data?

Sustainable finance leaders predict that ESG-conscious investing ‘will evolve quickly into a more nuanced and complex environment where data will be specific to the use case required’. So we can expect that demand for ESG data will not only increase, but become increasingly specialized. We’ll keep you posted with all the developments in the ESG data ecosystem: what kind of new data is out there, what it’s being used for, and how it’s bringing sustainability and responsibility to the fore of the financial and corporate worlds.

To predict the long-term performance and growth of a company investors have begun to consider its environmental, social, and governmental strategies. The performance of a company is becoming increasingly dependent on its non-financial operations. Consequently, the demand for ESG data has increased among data providers, potential investors, and companies, and more people are looking for ESG data sourcing solutions.

To make an informed decision about the correct data it is important to gain an insight into what ESG data is, how it can be sourced, and how it can be used. Our Ultimate Guide to ESG Data will provide you with all the information you need so that you are empowered to purchase and make use of the right ESG data for you.

(Click image to enlarge)

What Are the Global Implications of ESG Data?

ESG data and the importance of the non-financial attributes of a company’s practice is something investors have become increasingly aware of. Rather than simply focusing on immediate revenue, investors are becoming increasingly concerned with how the environmental, social and governance elements of a company impact an organization’s sustainability and determine whether it is a company they wish to invest in.

Many leaders are taking positive steps to ensure their work meets ESG guidelines and they have a long-lasting sustainability program. It has reached a point that soon market leaders will be held responsible for the firm’s ESG performance by the concerned shareholders. And with the Facebook backlash being only the tip of the iceberg, we have already started seeing the investors jump into action.

Cyrus Taraporevala, president and CEO of State Street Global Advisors, noted that “ESG issues have become much more important for us as long-term investors. We seek to analyze material issues such as climate risk, board quality, or cybersecurity in terms of how they impact financial value in a positive or a negative way. That’s the integrative approach we are increasingly taking for all of our investments.”

Here are the statistics that back up the data that investment firms are prioritizing ESG. In 2006, sixty-three investment firms who own hold around 7 billion dollars in assets, willingly signed a pledge with the Principle for Responsible PRI (Which is a movement backed by the United Nations) to hold ESG issues at high regards in terms with the decisions made on an investment. In 2018 the number closed to 1715 firms.

The data suggests more than half of the world’s asset owners have implemented ESG evaluations in their firm operation guidelines.

Although, there are still business owners who do not know about ESG or choose to ignore it as a passing social motion wave. A study conducted in Merrill Lynch disclosed that half of the United States executives had no idea that firms which employ sustainable strategy guidelines hold around 25% shares in the company. The highest number that came up in the study was 5%.

It’s still a new thing…

The general impression amongst global business leaders is that ESG is not mainstream enough to be affecting the judgment of investors.

So, even though the companies recognize their role in factors pertaining to key global issues like gender inequality at the workplace, call for fair governance and a fair wage, or global warming, many of them also believe that a sustainability agenda goes against the profits that the shareholders are concerned about.

Therefore, actually implenting ESG best practices and tweeting socially acceptable literature are two very different things for these organizations.

The good news is that this perception is quickly becoming outdated. According to recent interviews conducted with the biggest firms across the world (State Street, BlackRock, the Japan Government pension fund, Sweden, California Public Retirement System, etc.), the general consensus is that the leaders place a high importance on ESG. The ESG guidelines help investors select outliers in the industry and choose companies that value the same things as them.

Take the example of Trillium Asset Management, a Boston-based firm with a net asset of $2.5 billion that employs a chosen selection of ESG factors that position the company for long term performance. The company avoids investing in any other companies that have known association with coal mining or have more than 5% of their revenue coming in from weapons selling or nuclear power, and refuse to invest in companies that employ unethical workplace practices such as discrimination in the workplace, animal rights violations, and imbalanced governance structures.

ESG Data Landscape: Key Providers and Market Players

1. The household names: General data providers

Many of the established financial market data providers offer ESG data as part of their catalog. These are providers like FACTSET, leading provider of financial market data on listed companies. Financial market data incorporate ESG metrics into their market sentiment analysis. There’s also providers like SafeGraph, whose primary data category is location intelligence, but who have ESG data products to purchase, too.

2. The specialists: ESG-specific data providers

Other data companies offer ESG data as their primary product and service, like DataSpark. These providers have data sourcing and analytics teams devoted to collecting and cleaning ESG signals. Platforms like GaiaLens’ ESG Analytics separate ESG scores from other company data points, so are tailored to sustainable investing.

ESG-specific data providers can also offer detailed analytics into the ESG performance of NGOs, non-listed companies, and into markets which aren’t covered in traditional datasets. This harder-to-find information sets the ESG data provider apart, and is the niche many startup data companies are beginning to cater to.

3. The companies themselves: Data monetizers

Companies worldwide are having to produce more stringent, standardized ESG reports on their internal operations and global impact. As the demand for ESG insights grows, many companies are taking the opportunity to monetize their proprietary data. By making their historical ESG data available for purchase on data marketplaces, companies create more transparency about their own sustainability record, and open up a new stream of revenue using their existing data assets.

4. The open sources: Public data providers

For general ESG information, financial news outlets like S&P Global and Bloomberg are a good place to start. They alert investors on the latest ESG news, such as when new climate legislation is passed, or a company sees its ESG score drop, and publish reports outlining market predictions. Open source and public data can’t offer the deep-dives into a company’s ESG profile you’d get from an external data provider, but they’re a strong source of real-time market intelligence.

Where do these providers get their data from? Let’s have a look at the nitty gritty of ESG data sources and collection.

How Can I Assess the Quality of ESG Data?

Assessing the quality of ESG data comes down to three key points: ensuring the sources are trust-worthy, ensuring the sources are diverse, and ensuring the sources are up to date.
In order to attain reliable and accurate data, you should make sure to only purchase ESG data from trustworthy, proven sources, such as government websites and company reports.

However, vendors collecting data only from company websites and internal reports can be highly biased. Check that the data is also covered by third party sources and that the vendor is drawing from multiple sources..

Finally, assure that the provider maintains the update frequency of their data. In fact, providers offering high update frequencies often tend to collect data from various sources, like financial news reports, company reviews, and social media, which also contributes to making the data less one-sided.

For data buyers, judging the quality of ESG data is a difficult job because the metrics guiding ESG ratings can get highly contextual and be completely different in each case. There is no standardized method to how ESG data should be measured or reported, and each provider uses their own benchmarks.

What Are the Challenges with ESG Scores?

Judging the quality of ESG data is a difficult job due to the lack of standardization. In addition, each ESG dataset provider uses their own benchmarks and consequently the metrics guiding ESG ratings can be highly contextual and different. The major points surrounding the persisting challenges across ESG data collection are summarized below:

• The local level impacts of the ESG attributes cannot be measured at the granular level.
• It can help to link ESG data with the fiscal performance of a company, though direct causation often cannot be drawn.
• Data updates from the companies happen in inconsistent frequencies and at large intervals.
• The data reported by companies can be biased. Therefore, methodologies employed by ESG companies tend to vary wide
• The lack of standardization between the methods and source of data used by various data providers when rating companies,

How Can I Overcome These Challenges?

Despite these challenges, ESG data providers can help and are crucial in bridging the gap and eradicating inconsistent and biased ESG datasets. They collect and evaluate information related to a company’s ESG practice and then rate these companies on various relevant factors. Data providers that specialize in collecting and processing ESG data tend to be more similar in terms of rating as they employ similar methodologies. In addition to that, investors must not rely on a single ESG provider to rate a company based on all the aspects.

Instead, the ratings should be combined and taken as a guiding factor in deciding the rating of a company. This tends to produce a much better understanding of ESG operations of a company.

How to Check ESG Data Reliability

• Granularity
  The more granular the data is, the more precise you can make your investment strategies. For example, datasets covering a company’s ‘diversity’ should be broken down into separate metrics, including gender, race and sexual orientation.

• Precision
  Precision especially matters when it comes to climate and environment data. Over-generalized data can lead to a company’s carbon emission being completely misrepresented, for example. Verify which methodology the provider uses to collect these quantitative data points, and measure the sample against a secondary source.

• Timeliness
  Real-time data is crucial for on-the-ground sustainable investment strategies. A lag in delivery can prove disastrous if it means an ESG risk is only identified after the damage is done. Trialing any data subscription service is vital to ensuring that you’re getting the data which represents the current financial picture.

Where Can I Buy ESG Data?

You can explore our data marketplace to find a variety of ESG Data tailored to different use cases. Our verified providers offer a range of solutions, and you can contact them directly to discuss your specific needs.

How is the Quality of ESG Data Maintained?

The quality of ESG Data is ensured through rigorous validation processes, such as cross-referencing with reliable sources, monitoring accuracy rates, and filtering out inconsistencies. High-quality datasets often report match rates, regular updates, and adherence to industry standards.

How Frequently is ESG Data Updated?

The update frequency for ESG Data varies by provider and dataset. Some datasets are refreshed daily or weekly, while others update less frequently. When evaluating options, ensure you select a dataset with a frequency that suits your specific use case.

Is ESG Data Secure?

The security of ESG Data is prioritized through compliance with industry standards, including encryption, anonymization, and secure delivery methods like SFTP and APIs. At Datarade, we enforce strict policies, requiring all our providers to adhere to regulations such as GDPR, CCPA, and other relevant data protection standards.

How is ESG Data Delivered?

ESG Data can be delivered in formats such as CSV, JSON, XML, or via APIs, enabling seamless integration into your systems. Delivery frequencies range from real-time updates to scheduled intervals (daily, weekly, monthly, or on-demand). Choose datasets that align with your preferred delivery method and system compatibility for ESG Data.

How Much Does ESG Data Cost?

The cost of ESG Data depends on factors like the datasets size, scope, update frequency, and customization level. Pricing models may include one-off purchases, monthly or yearly subscriptions, or usage-based fees. Many providers offer free samples, allowing you to evaluate the suitability of ESG Data for your needs.

What Are Similar Data Types to ESG Data?

ESG Data is similar to other data types, such as Stock Market Data, Alternative Data, Credit Rating Data, Commodity Data, and Currency Data. These related categories are often used together for applications like ESG Investing and Portfolio Analysis.